阶段3-5：编译器验证——13 正例源码↔反汇编对照 + --dump-map

- STCompiler --dump-map：编译后打印变量/槽映射（函数局部 r 寄存器、
  全局 slot/off/type/func、实例 slot/off/fb/size/字段偏移）
- CodegenMap 输出结构（codegen_project 可选参数）
- 修复参数循环 bug（i+1<argc 漏掉末尾单参数选项）
- 结构自检（临时 stbcheck）：13 用例寄存器/func/跳转/槽/长度全部通过
- 13 正例逐条对照全部通过，产出 Doc/compiler/用例反汇编对照.md
- 已知缺陷记录：LREAL 字面量装载按 REAL（TODO）

compiler/src/Codegen.cpp

@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ namespace {
     public:
         Builder(const Project& proj, const std::vector<SourceUnit>& units,
                 const LinkResult& link, const MachineConfig& cfg,
-                std::vector<uint8_t>* image, std::string* err)
-            : proj_(proj), units_(units), link_(link), cfg_(cfg), image_(image), err_(err) {
+                std::vector<uint8_t>* image, std::string* err, CodegenMap* map)
+            : proj_(proj), units_(units), link_(link), cfg_(cfg), image_(image), err_(err),
+              map_(map) {
             for (const IoBinding& b : proj_.io) {
                 std::string key = b.var;
                 for (char& ch : key) {
@@ -307,6 +308,18 @@ namespace {
             }
             f->nlocals = r;
             f->nregs = r;
+            if (map_ != nullptr) {
+                std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+                for (const auto& kv : f->regs) {
+                    std::string tn = "int";
+                    const auto tf = f->reg_func.find(kv.first);
+                    if (tf != f->reg_func.end()) {
+                        tn = std::to_string(tf->second);
+                    }
+                    vars[kv.first] = "r" + std::to_string(kv.second) + " (func " + tn + ")";
+                }
+                map_->funcs.emplace_back(f->name, vars);
+            }
             for (const Stmt& st : pou.body) {
                 begin_stmt(*f);
                 if (!compile_stmt(*f, st)) {
@@ -755,6 +768,12 @@ namespace {
                 const int64_t v = has_init ? init : 0;
                 write_value(values_, cur_addr, v, tm.width());
                 global_slot_[s.name] = static_cast<uint32_t>(slots_.size() - 1);
+                if (map_ != nullptr) {
+                    map_->globals[s.name] = "slot=" + std::to_string(slots_.size() - 1) +
+                                            " off=" + std::to_string(cur_addr) +
+                                            " type=" + s.type_name +
+                                            " func=" + std::to_string(tm.func());
+                }
                 cur_addr += tm.width();
             }
             for (const LinkResult::PouScope& sc : link_.scopes) {
@@ -790,6 +809,16 @@ namespace {
                     slots_.push_back(cur_addr);
                     values_.resize(cur_addr + static_cast<uint32_t>(off), 0);
                     instances_[sc.name + "/" + s.name] = inst;
+                    if (map_ != nullptr) {
+                        std::string desc = "slot=" + std::to_string(inst.slot) +
+                                           " off=" + std::to_string(cur_addr) +
+                                           " fb=" + inst.type_name +
+                                           " size=" + std::to_string(off) + "  ";
+                        for (const auto& fo : inst.field_off) {
+                            desc += fo.first + "@" + std::to_string(fo.second) + " ";
+                        }
+                        map_->instances[sc.name + "/" + s.name] = desc;
+                    }
                     cur_addr += static_cast<uint32_t>(off);
                 }
             }
@@ -1036,6 +1065,7 @@ namespace {
         std::map<std::string, InstFields> instances_;  ///< "POU名/实例名" → 实例布局
         const InstFields* inline_fields_ = nullptr;    ///< 内联 FB 字段表
         uint32_t max_stack_ = 0;                       ///< 栈区字节数
+        CodegenMap* map_ = nullptr;                    ///< 变量/槽映射输出（可空）
     };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -1052,8 +1082,8 @@ namespace {
  */
 bool codegen_project(const Project& proj, const std::vector<SourceUnit>& units,
                      const LinkResult& link, const MachineConfig& cfg,
-                     std::vector<uint8_t>* image, std::string* err) {
-    Builder b(proj, units, link, cfg, image, err);
+                     std::vector<uint8_t>* image, std::string* err, CodegenMap* map) {
+    Builder b(proj, units, link, cfg, image, err, map);
     return b.run();
 }